Updated at 12:08 p.m. Nov. 30
Hammering at the new condo next door rings through crocheted curtains in her fourth floor walk up, but Frances Amador, 38, is unfazed. The East Boston resident is used to the noise and vibrations of construction in this rapidly gentrifying neighborhood.
Condos rise in the footprint of dilapidated buildings. High-end cafes with $4 coffees crop up around hubs like Maverick Square, and nearby, a floating oyster bar sells a plate of two tacos for $16.
The laundromat down the street is gone, but there’s still the familiar sound of people speaking Spanish and the neighborhood bodegas that carry food from Latin America. Amador was born in Honduras, but has lived here in East Boston — in the same apartment — since she was 13 years old.
“This apartment means home,” said Amador.
Long a first stop for immigrants, over the last decade East Boston has become increasingly attractive to investors. Home values here soared 227% since 2011 — higher than any other Boston neighborhood. And like so many other longtime residents, Amador wonders how much longer she’ll be able to stay. Her landlord plans to turn the 123-year-old building into luxury units, and has already begun renovating a first floor apartment. Her short-term lease ends Aug. 31.
"We're just creating units for people to live in and pay into the stock market. And then they move on."Sen. Lydia Edwards, (D) East Boston
Amador and her husband, Franklin Machuca, share the three-bedroom apartment with their 4-year-old daughter, Rachel, as well as Amador’s mother and aunt. A college-age daughter also returns home between semesters.
They pay $1,000 a month in rent. Amador anticipates a new lease would reflect market rate rents in her neighborhood, which range from from $2,600 to $3,700 according to Zillow.
“I think, would I be able to move to another place? Would I be able to afford a higher rent? Would I be able to put food on my table?” she said. “I don’t know.”
Losing families
A growing number of local families are not able to afford higher rent, says state Sen. Lydia Edwards, who lives in East Boston and represented the neighborhood on the Boston City Council for five years.
“We’re just creating units for people to live in and pay into the stock market. And then they move on,” she said. She worries newcomers won’t stick around to build community even as longtime residents are squeezed out.
“It rips apart the tapestry. It makes it harder for people to have families. It makes it harder for our schools to have new kids there, and for our seniors to age in place,” said Edwards.
East Boston High School lost 467 students between September 2014 and June 2021, according to state data.
“We noticed that the enrollment was decreasing. And it was timed right when all of the gentrification started to happen,” said Nina Gaeta Coletta, the family center coordinator at the school.
Beyond losing students, the dramatic demographic change is impacting the school’s finances and programming. Gaeta Coletta said in 2019, the high school’s budget was cut by more than $1 million.
“We took a huge hit a few years ago where there were consolidations of classrooms,” she said.
Gaeta Coletta shared her 2019 testimony to the Boston School Committee, in which she noted students have had to leave the area: “The development boom in East Boston and other locations in the city is not family friendly, either in numbers of bedrooms needed or cost to rent or own.”
She recounted the story of one parent who is just waiting for her daughter to graduate this month before leaving East Boston due to high rent.
“She’s taken on as much work as she possibly can simply to afford the apartment she’s in right now in order to get her daughter across the stage,” said Gaeta Coletta.
The fight
Amador is determined to raise her 4-year-old daughter, Rachel, in this neighborhood. In 2018, when her landlord first decided to sell the building, she says she refused to go even when he offered to pay her $30,000 to leave.
“I decided to stay here and fight. It’s $12,000 for just a down payment for first month, a deposit, and fees for a realtor,” she said.
The landlord intended to evict all the tenants in Amador’s building, she said, in order to sell it. Amador and other tenants approached housing advocacy group City Life/Vida Urbana, which helped them with legal representation and organizing to remain in the building. They won the ability to stay in the building in 2019, but their landlord sued again to evict them, and began the process of selling the building by marketing it online.
Developer Fernando Dalfior bought the building in 2020 and began renovating it. He planned to double the number of apartments from four to eight, adding another floor and a roof deck. The tenants wanted Dalfior to add units without displacing their families.
"I think that it's made me stronger because it's not only me, and I'm not fighting just for me, but I'm also helping others to fight and stay with their homes."Frances Amador, East Boston resident
City Life recruited Harvard Legal Aid Bureau to help tenants battle Dalfior and property management company Wolf Properties — which oversees the building — over issues in the landlords’ proposed lease. The original lease included a holdover clause, a provision that would allow tenants to defend themselves against eviction when the lease expired.
Meanwhile, the tenants focused on Boston’s Zoning Board of Appeal where Dalfior submitted his proposal to expand the building, with the intention of removing existing tenants before construction started.
“We all worked together. We contacted our elected officials, went around the neighborhood to our neighbors, the abutters, and told them what was going on,” Amador said. “It’s a dead end street. So everyone knows us. And everyone signed the petition to reject the project.”
The tenants’ association protested Zoning Board of Appeal meetings, and got 800 Boston residents to sign a petition to the board, including longtime senior residents. The Mayor’s Office of Neighborhood Services and Edwards spoke against the project.
The board rejected the landlord’s plan in September 2021 over technicalities, but he can resubmit it. In February, Dalfior presented residents with a new lease that expires Aug. 31.
Tenants want Dalfior to grant below market rents with longer leases. Amador believes it will be an uphill battle and that Dalfior will not renew the lease.
“If he serves us with a notice to quit, I think there will be another fight,” said Amador. “I think no one here wants to leave.”
Inquiries sent to Dalfior and Wolf Property Management Company went unanswered.
Over the course of the four-year battle with multiple landlords, Amador got to know staff at City Life/Vida Urbana, and an organizer recommended she apply for a job. She got it and started in 2020 as the pandemic began.
Since then, she’s been channeling her own experience with potential displacement to organize other tenants in East Boston, including three at a Meridian Street apartment building facing a no-fault eviction.
As the tenants faced an appearance in housing court, Amador and City Life held a public event for press and community members in June the same morning, - the kind of thing she does to drum up support for the people she helps.
“Where families are being forced out by big corporate landlords and developers are gentrifying our neighborhoods. Shame on them. So many families are forced to leave their home because they are being priced out.”
Affordable options
The situation at Amador’s apartment building could have gone differently.
In 2019, City Life/Vida Urbana teamed up with East Boston’s community development corporation NOAH (Neighborhood of Affordable Housing), to buy the building.
NOAH buys buildings, renovates them, and keeps them affordable. The organization has 189 units in East Boston, and more in development.
“We hadn’t been able to buy property in that area— so we were anxious to participate,” said executive director Phil Giffee. City Life and NOAH gained the tenants’ support for the effort.
NOAH offered around $1.2 million, according to Giffee, but lost the bid to Dalfior, who bought the building for $1.3 million.
“I’m disappointed because it was a building in a really changed neighborhood close to the airport, and a really very solid structure,” said Giffee. “People wanted us there, they were big units and we would have been able to provide stability in that area.”
There are over 18,400 housing units in the neighborhood, according to real estate marketing company Point2Homes.com and, according to the city, 2,700 of them are affordable — about 14%. Across Boston the overall percentage of affordable housing is 20%. The city says 300 new affordable units are in the pipeline for East Boston.
“We know that is not enough, and we’re very, very committed to increasing that number,” said Sheila Dillon, chief of housing for Boston. That will happen, she said, through building more affordable housing, and taking existing units off the market with the help of nonprofits like NOAH and making them affordable, she said.
Nearly 65% of Boston residents rent. More than half of renters spend over 30% of their monthly income on housing, according to Mayor Michelle Wu.
Across the state, more than a quarter of all renters are paying half of their income or more on rent, according to the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey.
Wu included $206 million in her recent budget from federal pandemic aid funds to go toward boosting affordable housing.
“I am hoping that we get approval for the $206 million, and I would love to see a significant amount of that money spent in East Boston,” said Dillon.
A blessing
Amador believes faith has a role in her fight. She called her journey from personal care attendant to City Life Vida Urbana tenant organizer a “blessing.”
“I think that it’s made me stronger because it’s not only me, and I’m not fighting just for me, but I’m also helping others to fight and stay with their homes,” she said.
A flowered wooden plaque reading, “Jesuchristo, oh buen timonel que guiando mi barga estas” (Jesus Christ, the good captain who steers my boat is here), hangs near her kitchen.
“God doesn’t make you go through these things if he doesn’t have a path at the end,” she said.
GBH News will continue to follow Frances Amador’s story as part of the reporting project Priced Out: The Fight For Housing In Massachusetts. Follow along at GBHNews.org/pricedout.
Correction: This story has been updated to correct Fernando Dalfior’s first name
