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Katyn: Justice Delayed or Justice Denied? (Introduction)

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Date and time
Friday, February 4, 2011

The Katyn massacre of 1940 involved murders at the Katyn forest and in other locations throughout the Soviet Union of over 22,000 Polish officers, prisoners of war, and members of the Polish leading elite, by a single shot to the back of each of their heads. For 50 years, this massacre was subject to a massive cover up. Initially the Soviet Union blamed the Nazis for the murders, saying that the killings took place in 1941 when the territory was in German hands. It was not until 1990 that the Russian government admitted that the executions actually took place in 1940 and were carried out by the Soviet secret police. In 1990, Russian prosecutors launched a criminal investigation into the massacre, but the case was terminated in 2004, its findings were classified as top secret, and it appeared that the tragedy would once again be subject to "historical amnesia." The Katyn Symposium brings together leading international experts in jurisprudence, international criminal law, and the Katyn crime, as well as representatives from Poland and Russia, to discuss the events in a neutral setting. A diverse group of highly qualified scholars presents Polish, Russian and third party expert views on the Katyñ murders in four panel sessions, followed by a round-table discussion.

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Having been elected to Cleveland's City Council at age 23, Dennis J. Kucinich was well-known to Cleveland residents when they chose him as their mayor in 1977 at the age of 31. At the time, Kucinich was the youngest person ever elected to lead a major American city. In 1978, Cleveland's banks demanded that he sell the city's 70 year-old municipally-owned electric system to its private competitor (in which the banks had a financial interest) as a precondition of extending credit to city government. When Mayor Kucinich refused to sell Muny Light, the banks took the unprecedented step of refusing to roll over the city’s debt, as is customary. Instead, they pushed the city into default. It turned out the banks were thoroughly interlocked with the private utility, CEI, which would have acquired monopoly status by taking over Muny Light. Five of the six banks held almost 1.8 million shares of CEI stock; of the 11 directors of CEI, eight were also directors of four of the six banks involved. By holding to his promise and putting principle above politics, Kucinich lost his re-election bid and his political career was temporarily derailed. But today, Kucinich stands vindicated for having confronted the Enron of his day, and for saving the municipal power company. "There is little debate," wrote Cleveland Magazine in May 1996, "over the value of Muny Light today. Now Cleveland Public Power, it is a proven asset to the city that between 1985 and 1995 saved its customers $195,148,520 over what they would have paid CEI." He also preserved hundreds of union jobs. In addition to being Mayor of Cleveland, Kucinich has served on the Cleveland City Council (1970-75, 1981-82); served as the Clerk of Courts for the Cleveland Municipal Court (1976-77); been an Ohio State Senator (1994-96); and in November 2008, was elected to his seventh term as a Member of the United States House of Representatives (1997-present). Kucinich was born in Cleveland, Ohio on October 8, 1946. He is the eldest of 7 children of Frank and Virginia Kucinich. He and his family lived in twenty-one places by the time Kucinich was 17 years old. Kucinich graduated with a Bachelor of Arts and a Masters in Speech Communications from Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio in 1974. Kucinich has held many jobs outside of politics including being a hospital orderly, newspaper copy boy, teacher, consultant, television analyst and author. Since being elected to Congress in 1996, Kucinich has been a tireless advocate for worker rights, civil rights and human rights. In Congress, Kucinich has authored and co-sponsored legislation to create a national health care system, preserve Social Security, lower the costs of prescription drugs, provide economic development through infrastructure improvements, abolish the death penalty, provide universal prekindergarten to all 3, 4, and 5 year olds, create a Department of Peace, regulate genetically engineered foods, repeal the USA PATRIOT Act, and provide tax relief to working class families. Kucinich has been honored by Public Citizen, the Sierra Club, Friends of the Earth and the League of Conservation Voters as a champion of clean air, clean water and an unspoiled earth. Kucinich has twice been an official United States delegate to the United Nations Convention on Climate Change (1998, 2004) and attend the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, South Africa. In his district, Kucinich has been recognized by the Greater Cleveland AFL-CIO as a tireless advocate for the social and economic interests of his community. Kucinich led the effort to save Cleveland's 90 year-old steel industry and the thousands of jobs and retiree benefits it provides. While hundreds of community hospitals have been closed throughout the country, Kucinich led a community-based effort to reopened two Cleveland neighborhood hospitals. Kucinich worked with the nation's largest railroads to create a merger agreement that improved rail safety while diverting a heavy volume of train traffic away from heavily populated residential areas of his district. In Cleveland, Kucinich has been honored by the Cleveland AFL-CIO, the Ohio PTA, the NASA Glenn Research Center, the Salvation Army, the United States Post Office, the Department of Veterans Affairs, Ohio Department of Jobs and Family Services, Ohio’s Boys Town, and the Human Rights Campaign. Kucinich is a current member of The International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees, Moving Picture Technicians, Artists and Allied Crafts of the United States (IATSE), an AFL-CIO affiliated union. Kucinich is the Ranking Member of the Regulatory Affairs, Stimulus Oversight and Government Spending Subcommittee of the Oversight and Government Reform Committee. He is also a member of the Education and Workforce Committee. In November 2010, Dennis Kucinich was reelected to a eighth term in Congress.
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Bob Rawson counsels clients and litigates disputes involving antitrust and trade regulation. He has handled cases involving mergers and acquisitions, price discrimination, monopolization and attempted monopolization, price-fixing, class actions, intellectual property cases raising antitrust issues, and takeovers. In addition, he has significant experience in general commercial litigation. In his most recent trial, he led a team for R.J. Reynolds Tobacco to a defense jury verdict on a price discrimination claim in which a tobacco retailer sought several billion dollars in damages allegedly caused by differences in prices offered to its competitors. Before trial, the court granted summary judgment on plaintiff's claim of a Sherman Act conspiracy with other retailers. On the plaintiff's side, Bob won a multimillion dollar verdict for Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) in a conspiracy and monopolization case against Blue Cross of Kansas (Reazin v. Blue Cross, et al., 663 F. Supp. 1360 (D. Kan. 1987), aff'd, 899 F.2d 951 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 110 S. Ct. 3241 (1990)). Bob also has had successful appellate arguments in the Second, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, and Eleventh Circuits. Bob has served for 20 years on the Board of Trustees of Princeton University, including 13 years as Executive Committee Chairman. Bob is a Life Trustee of the National Civic League and past Chairman of the Northeast Ohio Council on Higher Education. He is a member of the Board of the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights and past Chairman of the Cleveland Initiative for Education. Bob Rawson counsels clients and litigates disputes involving antitrust and trade regulation. He has handled cases involving mergers and acquisitions, price discrimination, monopolization and attempted monopolization, price-fixing, class actions, intellectual property cases raising antitrust issues, and takeovers. In addition, he has significant experience in general commercial litigation. In his most recent trial, he led a team for R.J. Reynolds Tobacco to a defense jury verdict on a price discrimination claim in which a tobacco retailer sought several billion dollars in damages allegedly caused by differences in prices offered to its competitors. Before trial, the court granted summary judgment on plaintiff's claim of a Sherman Act conspiracy with other retailers. On the plaintiff's side, Bob won a multimillion dollar verdict for Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) in a conspiracy and monopolization case against Blue Cross of Kansas (Reazin v. Blue Cross, et al., 663 F. Supp. 1360 (D. Kan. 1987), aff'd, 899 F.2d 951 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 110 S. Ct. 3241 (1990)). Bob also has had successful appellate arguments in the Second, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, and Eleventh Circuits. Bob has served for 20 years on the Board of Trustees of Princeton University, including 13 years as Executive Committee Chairman. Bob is a Life Trustee of the National Civic League and past Chairman of the Northeast Ohio Council on Higher Education. He is a member of the Board of the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights and past Chairman of the Cleveland Initiative for Education.
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Michael Scharf is the John Deaver Drinko - Baker & Hostetler Professor of Law, and Director of the Frederick K. Cox International Law Center, at Case Western Reserve University School of Law. In February 2005, Scharf and the Public International Law and Policy Group, a Non-Governmental Organization he co-founded and directs, were nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize by six governments and the Prosecutor of an International Criminal Tribunal for the work they have done to help in the prosecution of major war criminals, such as Slobodan Milosevic, Charles Taylor, and Saddam Hussein. During the first Bush and Clinton Administrations, Scharf served in the Office of the Legal Adviser of the U.S. Department of State, where he held the positions of Attorney-Adviser for Law Enforcement and Intelligence, Attorney-Adviser for United Nations Affairs, and delegate to the United Nations Human Rights Commission. In 1993, he was awarded the State Department's Meritorious Honor Award "in recognition of superb performance and exemplary leadership" in relation to his role in the establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. A graduate of Duke University School of Law (Order of the Coif and High Honors), and judicial clerk to Judge Gerald Bard Tjoflat on the Eleventh Circuit Federal Court of Appeals, Scharf is the author of over seventy scholarly articles and thirteen books, including Balkan Justice, which was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize in 1998, The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, which was awarded the American Society of International Law's Certificate of Merit for the Outstanding book in International Law in 1999, Peace with Justice, which won the International Association of Penal Law Book of the Year Award for 2003, and Enemy of the State, which won the International Association of Penal Law Book of the Year Award for 2009. Scharf's most recent book is Shaping Foreign Policy in Times of Crisis (Cambridge University Press, 2010). Scharf has also testified before the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee and the House Armed Services Committee; and his Op Eds have been published by the Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, Boston Globe, Christian Science Monitor, and International Herald Tribune. Recipient of the Case Western Reserve University School of Law Alumni Association's 2005 "Distinguished Teacher Award" and Ohio Magazine's 2007 "Excellence in Education Award," Scharf teaches International Law, International Criminal Law, the Law of International Organizations, and the War Crimes Research Lab which provides research assistance to five international tribunals.
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