Since 1991, Boston has experienced 21 events that triggered federal or state disaster declarations. In 2011, Hurricane Irene caused downed trees and power outages across the city. In 2012, while Boston was spared the most devastating effects of Hurricane Sandy, the city still experienced high winds and coastal flooding. As the climate changes, the likelihood of coastal and riverine flooding—as well as other hazards like stormwater flooding and extreme heat will increase. The challenges from climate change are substantial and complex but can be addressed through bold and creative actions that support the city’s vitality and livability. Boston can thrive in the coming decades if it takes action to adapt its people, its neighborhoods, and its economic and cultural assets, starting now. Austin Blackmon, then Boston's Chief of Environment, Energy And Open Space, explains that change is difficult, contentious, and complex, but if done well, the work can create a resilient, climate-ready Boston and dramatically improve the city and quality of life for all its residents.